Addison's Disease
Etiology and pathophysiology:
Addison's disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not secrete enough hormones (of Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, and androgen). Adrenal
glands are a pair of complex endocrine glands that secretes hormones (regulates tissue fluid within the body) directly into the bloodstream and they are located near the kidneys. Glucocorticoids are a group of corticosteroids which are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates (broken down to produce energy), proteins and fats. This results in electrolytes and fluid imbalance, dehydration, water loss and hypervolemia (decrease volume of circulating in the blood in the body). Mineralocorticoid is used to main the salt balance in the body. Androgen is a male sex hormone.
Addison Disease is autoimmune response. An autoimmune response is when the body fights against substances and tissue that are normally present in the body. With Addison disease the adrenal tissue is destroyed by antibodies against the patient’s own adrenal cortex (the outer part of the adrenal gland). With Addison’s disease it can cause infarction (the obstruction of the blood supply to an organ or an area of tissues), fungal infection (an inflammatory condition caused by a fungus), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (a disease that takes control of the immune system), and metastatic cancer (a progression of a disease).
glands are a pair of complex endocrine glands that secretes hormones (regulates tissue fluid within the body) directly into the bloodstream and they are located near the kidneys. Glucocorticoids are a group of corticosteroids which are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates (broken down to produce energy), proteins and fats. This results in electrolytes and fluid imbalance, dehydration, water loss and hypervolemia (decrease volume of circulating in the blood in the body). Mineralocorticoid is used to main the salt balance in the body. Androgen is a male sex hormone.
Addison Disease is autoimmune response. An autoimmune response is when the body fights against substances and tissue that are normally present in the body. With Addison disease the adrenal tissue is destroyed by antibodies against the patient’s own adrenal cortex (the outer part of the adrenal gland). With Addison’s disease it can cause infarction (the obstruction of the blood supply to an organ or an area of tissues), fungal infection (an inflammatory condition caused by a fungus), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (a disease that takes control of the immune system), and metastatic cancer (a progression of a disease).
Clinical Manifestations:
Addison is a clinical manifestation that is not seen until 90% of the adrenal cortex is distorted. The diagnosis of this disease is determined
after the disease has greatly progressed.
after the disease has greatly progressed.
Sign and Symptoms:
Cardiovascular System:
1.) Postural hypotension- (orthostatic hypotension is low blood pressure when they stand up)
2.) Vertigo[a sensation of whirling and loss of balance, associated particularly with looking down from a great height or caused by disease affecting the inner ear of vestibular nerve(vestibular nerve conveys a sensory impulse from the organ of hearing and balance in the inner ear to the brain), and lightheaded.]
3.) Syncope- (temporary loss of consciousness by a fall in the blood pressure)
Neurologic System:
1.) Lethargy- (a lack of energy and tired)
2.) Headache- (a continuous pain in the head)
Musculoskeletal System:
1.) Muscle Weakness- (lack of muscle strength)
2.) Fatigue Muscle- (tried muscles)
3.) Muscle Aches-(Pain in Muscles)
4.)Muscle Wasting- (decrease in the muscle mass)
Integumentary System:
1.) Hyper pigmentation- (unusual darkening of the skin)
2.) Decrease body hair- due to poor circulation
Self Care and Self- Concept:
1.) Tries Easily
2.) Profound Weakness
3.) Lacks interest in usual activities and relationship
Nutrition and Fluid Balance:
1.) Nausea (feeling sick) and vomiting
2.) Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
3.) Dehydration- lack of water in the body
4.) Weight Loss
5.)Hypoglycemia- deficiency of sugar in the blood stream
6.) Need to increase salt and decrease potassium intake
1.) Postural hypotension- (orthostatic hypotension is low blood pressure when they stand up)
2.) Vertigo[a sensation of whirling and loss of balance, associated particularly with looking down from a great height or caused by disease affecting the inner ear of vestibular nerve(vestibular nerve conveys a sensory impulse from the organ of hearing and balance in the inner ear to the brain), and lightheaded.]
3.) Syncope- (temporary loss of consciousness by a fall in the blood pressure)
Neurologic System:
1.) Lethargy- (a lack of energy and tired)
2.) Headache- (a continuous pain in the head)
Musculoskeletal System:
1.) Muscle Weakness- (lack of muscle strength)
2.) Fatigue Muscle- (tried muscles)
3.) Muscle Aches-(Pain in Muscles)
4.)Muscle Wasting- (decrease in the muscle mass)
Integumentary System:
1.) Hyper pigmentation- (unusual darkening of the skin)
2.) Decrease body hair- due to poor circulation
Self Care and Self- Concept:
1.) Tries Easily
2.) Profound Weakness
3.) Lacks interest in usual activities and relationship
Nutrition and Fluid Balance:
1.) Nausea (feeling sick) and vomiting
2.) Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
3.) Dehydration- lack of water in the body
4.) Weight Loss
5.)Hypoglycemia- deficiency of sugar in the blood stream
6.) Need to increase salt and decrease potassium intake